China has possibly committed "genocide" in its treatment of Uighurs and other minority Muslims in its western region of Xinjiang, a bipartisan commission of the U.S. Congress said in a report Thursday.
The Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) said new evidence had emerged in the past year that "crimes against humanity – and possibly genocide – are occurring" in Xinjiang. It also accused China of harassing Uighurs in the U.S.
China has been widely condemned for setting up complexes in Xinjiang that it describes as "vocational training centers" to stamp out extremism and give people new skills, which others have called concentration camps.
The United Nations says at least 1 million Uighurs and other Muslims have been detained in Xinjiang.The region is home to around 10 million Uighurs. The Turkic Muslim group, which makes up around 45% of Xinjiang's population, has long accused Chinese authorities of cultural, religious and economic discrimination. About 7% of the Muslim population in Xinjiang has been incarcerated in an expanding network of "political reeducation" camps, according to U.S. officials and U.N. experts. Over 380 suspected detention facilities have been identified in the Xinjiang region, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) reported last year.
Beijing denies the accusations, and on Thursday, its Washington embassy said the CECC was "obsessed with making up all sorts of lies to vilify China."
"The so-called 'genocide' is a rumor deliberately started by some anti-China forces and a farce to discredit China," an embassy spokesperson said, according to remarks carried by Reuters.
The CECC report called for a formal U.S. "determination on whether atrocities are being committed" in Xinjiang, something required within 90 days of U.S. legislation passed on Dec. 27. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, in his final days in office before President-elect Joe Biden succeeds President Donald Trump on Jan. 20, has already been weighing a determination.
But given the current turmoil in Washington, officials have played down the possibility of an announcement before that. The State Department did respond to a request for comment. CECC co-chair, Democratic Rep. Jim McGovern, called China's actions to crush human rights in the past year "shocking and unprecedented" and urged Congress and the incoming Biden administration to hold Beijing accountable.
"The United States must continue to stand with the people of China in their struggle and lead the world in a united and coordinated response to the human rights abuses of the Chinese government," he said.
In Trump's last year in power, relations between the world's two biggest economies have plunged to their lowest level in decades with disagreements on issues including human rights, the coronavirus pandemic, trade and espionage.
Experts say a U.S. genocide determination would be an enormous embarrassment for China, a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. It could also pose problems for Biden by complicating his dealings with Beijing, although his campaign had already declared, before the November election, that genocide was occurring in Xinjiang.
In October, Trump's national security adviser, Robert O'Brien, said Beijing was perpetrating "something close to" genocide and other officials have referred to concentration camps in Xinjiang.
Under international law, crimes against humanity are defined as widespread and systematic, whereas the burden of proof for genocide – the intent to destroy part of a population – can be more difficult to prove.
Expectations that Pompeo might declare genocide were raised in June when he labeled as "shocking" and "disturbing" reports that China was using forced sterilization, forced abortion and coercive family planning against Muslims. He was referring to a report about Xinjiang by German researcher Adrian Zenz, which the CECC report also cited. Zenz said his findings represented the strongest evidence yet that Beijing's Xinjiang policies met one of the criteria cited in the U.N. genocide convention, namely "imposing measures intended to prevent births within the (targeted) group."
A U.S. genocide declaration would mean countries would have to think hard about allowing companies to do business with Xinjiang, a leading global supplier of cotton. It would also raise pressure for further U.S. sanctions. On Wednesday, U.S. Customs and Border Protection said the U.S. was imposing a region-wide ban on all cotton and tomato products from Xinjiang over allegations that they are made with forced labor by detained Uighurs. Canada and Britain also have announced plans to block imports of goods produced by forced labor.
