Dividing Syria


It is hard to understand what Washington is trying to do in Syria. During the first days of the clashes in Syria, they were supporting Syrian demands for freedom, but they have drifted quite far from this position since then.Several reasons could be listed for this position shift by the U.S. regarding Syria. The first one that comes to mind is the negative connotations awakened in the Western world about social and political fluctuations in the Middle East, which is also known as the Arab Spring and was the process that brought the Muslim Brothers to power in Egypt. It was revealed that the West did not favor this result since they remained silent to the military coup in Egypt. A similar case goes for Syria. There is a big question in the minds of Americans regarding who would rule in Syria after President Bashar Assad. The emergence of organizations such as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) with the extension of the conflicts made this question even bigger. Another reason for the position shift is that Assad, backed by Russia and Iran, could resist despite his opponents. Americans might not predict how much longer Assad can resist. U.S. President Barack Obama's policy to have a convergence with Iran can also be counted among the reasons for the policy change on Syria.In light of these developments, it can be argued that the U.S. adopted an indecisive policy for Syria. The U.S. wants Assad to leave his seat of power. However, it stays away from steps that could accelerate it. It announced that it regards the terrorist organization ISIS as a primary threat and invested all its strategy in fighting against it. It wants the opponents that trained in the train and equip program, a project it is working on together with the region's countries, including Turkey, to fight against ISIS instead of Assad. While fighting against ISIS, it does not avoid cooperating with the Democratic Union Party's (PYD) armed People's Protection Units (YPG), which is recognized as a terrorist organization by its ally Turkey. It provides the YPG with weapons. Even though the U.S. devotes all its efforts to the fight against ISIS, it is not possible to say that its air operations have had success against ISIS. But still, it does not favor a land operation.Apparently this indecisive policy of the U.S. upsets Ankara, as reflected in President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's statements. In a speech on Jan. 7, Erdoğan shared an interesting conversation he had with Obama. Highlighting that the U.S. did not support the Free Syrian Army, but did support the PYD's YPG forces in Kobani, Erdoğan said: "I asked Obama whether they sought ways [for the PYD] to found a state there. The PKK and the PYD are the same. Their concern was to found a state in northern Syria. They are motivated to draw the borders of this state until Afrin, Kobani and Kamışlı, which we cannot tolerate."Last week, two developments occurred that justified this question that Erdoğan asked Obama. Firstly, YPG units and Assad units clashed for the first time. This was a first in the Syrian civil war. The PYD, the PKK's Syrian branch, stayed away from the fight with Assad but did not abstain from clashing with opponents. Therefore, it was subjected to some accusations such as cooperating with Assad. However, we now see that the PYD gave up its strategy to avoid clashing with Assad in parallel with the shifting northern Syrian policy of the U.S. The PYD called on Assad's units to withdraw from the region by clashing with them in northern Syria for the first time.The second development that justified Ankara's concern was in Mosul, Iraq. The PKK announced that it had formed a canton in Mosul's Sinjar district where Yazidis live. This development upset the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) along with Turkey. The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), chaired by KRG President Masoud Barzani, gave a harsh answer to this act of the PKK.The PKK and the PYD's aims regarding northern Syria, the U.S. policies that reinforce these aims and their negative effects on the ongoing reconciliation process in Turkey will be revealed in the following days.