Objections to presidential system and AK Party


After the general election on June 7 and as part of the new constitutional reforms, the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) will bring up the subject of the presidential system, which was opened up for discussion by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Opposition parties, including the Republican People's Party (CHP), the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), announced that they would object to the presidential system. The MHP, which suggested the presidential system in the past, now argues that a system similar to the federalism of the U.S. would divide Turkey. The CHP says this system would mean a one-man leadership and lead to a "sultanate." There is no need to point out that the opposition parties are united in their dislike for Erdoğan's wish. Here we are debating people rather than systems and structural issues. This problem is reminiscent of the new constitutional reforms that were initiated in 2011, but eventually failed. The AK Party could overcome a similar obstacle via a referendum following the elections, and so it will need strong public support.The current constitution, which is the outcome of the Sept. 12 military coup, is like a straitjacket on society. The public is aware of this and supports the idea of forming a new constitution. Also, public surveys on this subject reveal an optimistic picture. An average of 35 percent is against the presidential system, while another 35 percent defends the introduction of the presidential system in Turkey. The people forming the rest of the 30 percent do not have a clear idea and have some questions in their mind regarding the presidential system, but are still open to discussion and persuasion. In order to procure acceptance of the new constitution and the presidential system, on which a referendum will be probably held, the AK Party will try to persuade this 30 percent who are open to debate.However, before doing that, the AK Party needs to persuade some of its own actors who are confused about the subject. Some names in the party do not conceal the fact that they have some questions regarding the form and timing of the presidential system. Those actors think that the parliamentary system leads to coalition governments and subsequent instabilities, but also argue that the concord between President Erdoğan and Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu would facilitate the smooth operation of the parliamentary system. According to this approach, this concord between the two individuals removes the presidential system from the list of urgent needs. Therefore it makes no sense to open up a presidential system to discussion at this time.Those expressing that opinion are missing the point. The method of electing a president was changed in order to end the pressures of dominant groups. Now the president is elected by popular vote and has broad authorities to order the system as he wishes. The popular vote also determines the Parliament. The executive power comes from parliament. The separation of powers is an indispensable element of democracy. However, in Turkey's system, legislative power functions as a sub-branch of execution. In other words, the current regime in Turkey resembles a shantytown.The AK Party is a reformist party. The party's reason for existence is to resolve the structural problems in Turkey, remove the blockages caused by the system, and introduce a more manageable and democratic system to the country. It has been the ruling party for the last 12 years due to this goal. Anyone looking after Turkey's benefits cannot say "we can govern the country regardless of the poor system; let's not amend it." This status-quoist approach would do the greatest harm to Turkey.