The international credit rating company Standard & Poor's (S&P) indicates that the refugee influx from Syria into Turkey has had a profound impact on gross domestic product (GDP), the budget and higher external variables in the country. S&P analyst Frank Gill says the refugee influx has contributed to the growth of the Turkish economy.According to Gill, the main driver for GDP growth in Turkey had been the growth of credit until 2014, and has since been replaced by consumption, fueled by refugees. They increase consumption by spending what they earn through a grey or semi-legal economy, as well as their savings. Gill also suggests that other positive factors contributing to growth in Turkey are low oil prices, and an increase in real prices.S&P indicates that the effect of the refugee influx on private consumption, and the central government's support for refugees inside and outside the camps, can raise Turkey's headline GDP growth by as much as 0.2 to 0.3 percentage points annually.