Turkish citizens living in six European countries began to vote Monday on the referendum for constitutional change. Turkish nationals in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Switzerland and Denmark will be able to vote until April 9. Ballot boxes will be available in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Karlsruhe, Cologne, Mainz, Munich, Nuremberg and Stuttgart for two weeks.Nearly 3 million Turkish immigrants live in Germany and about half are eligible to vote in the referendum on the proposed constitutional change for a transition to a presidential system of governance.Turkish citizens will also vote in the Austrian cities of Vienna, Salzburg and Bregenz, Belgium's Brussels and Antwerp, as well as Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Nantes, Strasbourg and Bordeaux in France.In Switzerland, voting will take place in Zurich, Geneva and Bern and in Denmark at the Copenhagen Embassy.Around 3 million Turks living abroad who are eligible to vote in the referendum will vote at 120 Turkish missions in 57 countries.Turkish citizens from 54 countries voted in the November 2015 general elections, roughly 39.9 percent of the nearly 3 million Turkish voters who live abroad. The results of last year's national elections abroad included wins for the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) in 23 countries, the Republican People's Party (CHP) in 18 countries and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) in one country. Overall, the AK Party got the highest number of votes abroad in last year's general elections, taking 56.3 percent of the votes, followed by the HDP.In Germany, Austria, Belgium, France and Canada, the AK Party and HDP party had the highest number of votes respectively, with the AK Party taking more than half of the votes in those countries.The AK Party also prevailed in results in the Netherlands, followed by the CHP. On the other hand, the HDP was the prevailing party in the U.K., Switzerland and Canada, followed by the AK Party with the exception of the U.K. where the CHP received the second highest number of absentee votes. In the U.S., the CHP came first with nearly half of all absentee votes followed by the HDP. Citizens in Japan, China and South Africa will be able to vote at Turkish missions for one day on April 9.In the U.S., the voting process will begin on April 1 while voters in the U.K. may cast their ballots on April 6. Turkish Cypriots of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (KKTC) and Turkish voters in the Netherlands will cast their ballots on April 5 while voters in Italy and Saudi Arabia will vote on April 7 and absentee voters in Greece and Russia will visit their local missions to vote on April 8.At customs gates, voting will start on Monday and will last through April 16.Ballot boxes have been placed at customs offices at the following Turkish border points: Sarp, Kapıkule, Ipsala, Hamzabeyli, Dilucu and Dereköy and at local airports across Turkey; namely, inŞakirpaşa, Esenboğa, Antalya, Çardak, Eskişehir, Elazığ, Gaziantep and Hatay and at Istanbul's Atatürk and Sabiha Gökçenairports, the Adnan Menderes airport and the airports in Erkilet, Konya, Dalaman, Bodrum-Milas, Samsun, Trabzon and Zonguldak. Ballot boxes will also be available at the port gates of Kuşadası, Ayvalık, Derince, Mersin, Taşucu, Marmaris and Samsun.In Turkey, 55.3 million people who are eligible to vote are expected to cast their votes on April 16.The constitutional changes have been discussed ever since Erdoğan was elected president in August 2014. The 18-article bill was passed by Parliament in January, with 339 votes in favor --nine more than needed to put the proposal to a referendum.The reforms would hand wide-ranging executive powers to the president while abolishing the post of the prime minister. The president would also be allowed to keep his ties to a political party.Other changes would see the minimum age for parliamentary candidates reduced to 18 while increasing the number of parliamentary deputies to 600. Under the proposed new constitution, simultaneous parliamentary and presidential elections would be held in November 2019 and the president-elect would serve for a five-year term.