Climate change threatens cultural heritage, UN report says


The United Nations listed 31 protected sites threatened by rising sea levels, drought and other climate change effects in a report released in May. "Climate change is fast becoming one of the most significant risks for World Heritage sites," said a statement from the United States-based Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) think tank and two U.N. bodies.Researchers reviewed existing data and reports to measure the climate-specific threat to 31 sites in 29 countries, ranging from coral reefs and tropical forests to deserts and archaeological icons. And they found that "every site in the report is already experiencing some impacts of climate change," according to lead author Adam Markham of the UCS.Representatives of 195 nations agreed in Paris last December to limit average global warming to "well below" 2 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, and 1.5 C if possible. But scientists say that even a 2 C increase will mean a land-gobbling sea level rise, longer and more frequent droughts, dramatically altered storm and rainfall patterns, and increasingly acute water shortages. Beyond the 2 C threshold, the projected impacts worsen exponentially. "As the report's findings underscore, achieving the Paris Agreement's goal … is vitally important to protecting our world heritage for current and future generations, said Mechtild Rossler, director of the U.N. culture agency's (UNESCO) World Heritage Center.New York's Statue of Liberty is threatened by rising sea levels and superstorms, Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is threated by hotter temperatures and drought, and England's prehistoric Stonehenge monument is threatened by storms and flooding, the report found. "The archaeological site of Skara Brae in Scotland and some of the statues on Easter Island are in real danger of being lost to the sea as a result of coastal erosion – worsened by climate, storms and rising sea levels – in the near future," Markham told Agence France-Presse (AFP).Yellowstone National Park may be transformed in just a few decades by more frequent wildfires and ever-less snow due to warmer and shorter winters. "Venice is likely to eventually succumb to rising water levels," Markham said. "Coral reefs such as those in New Caledonia and Palau are already being damaged by stronger and more frequent El Ninos."In many cases, loss or damage to the sites would make a significant dent in tourism income and livelihoods. UNESCO lists more than 1,000 heritage sites. Of these, nearly half are threatened by industrial activities such as mining, oil exploration and illegal logging, according to a report released in April by conservation group World Wildlife Foundation (WWF). Climate bureaucrats tasked with drawing up a roadmap for executing the Paris Agreement close a 10-day session in Bonn on Thursday – the first official negotiating round since the historic pact was concluded.The experts previously announced that Turkey is expected to experience very high levels of change in the temperature in the coming years; however, the list that UNESCO released last week does not suggest any cultural heritage sites in Turkey are at risk. Turkey, which has a rich historical background and numerous natural wonders, has 1,031 sites listed on UNESCO's World Cultural Heritage List as of 2015. Among these listed sites, there are 802 cultural heritage sites, 197 natural heritage sites and 32 natural and cultural heritage sites.