David Fromkin, the author of "A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East," [1] thoroughly examines the establishment of the modern Middle East after the collapse of the region under the control of the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, it examines the stability it created called the Pax Ottomana, for over five centuries, and the roles as well as the struggles of the great powers in this region a century ago. The same great powers are involved, more or less, in the same roles and struggles in the Middle East. The only difference is that Iran has also joined in as another important player in the game.THE ABSENCE OF PAX OTTOMANA IN THE MIDDLE EASTFollowing the end of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, which has the potential to shape world history, politics and economy, had limited influence on global history and economy because it was kept under control for a long time. In the world order shaped a century ago after World War I, the future determined for Turkey by European powers is well known. Turkey's recent achievements over recent years seem to disquiet certain powers and power centers that have interests in the region. More importantly, these developments have once again brought the attention of certain power clusters to the region and Turkey. Turkey, which aims to become the largest economy in the region and one of the top 10 economies by 2023, has necessitated that certain centers reconsider their interests in the region. When considering recent developments, it is obvious that Turkey will not be left undisturbed and be halted on its track, which it takes easily to reach its goals. The world's great powers, by re-employing rhetoric about democracy, human rights and so on every now and then, have once again encircled Turkey and have begun to reset the game.Despite economic and financial crises that have happened more frequently than before and deeply affected various regions around the world and some European countries, Turkey has succeeded in implementing an economic model that allows it to grow in a stable manner. Especially after three crucial elections that have been held in the country, Turkey's economic stability is outstanding in spite of instabilities, waves of migration, wars and political, social and economic crises in its region, and in addition to foreign instigation of instability in the country. In addition to stability both in the financial and real markets, development in exports, employment, public finance stability and economic growth are all together promising in terms of targets for the next 10 years. By all means, it is vital to implement required policies to overcome the middle income trap by producing products with high added value as well as focusing on research and development, specializing in specific sectors, increasing university-industry-community cooperation in order to better prepare the young population by ensuring effective and productive employment and considering refugees who joined us through recent migrations.It is necessary that Turkey find solutions to its primary internal issues without any delay, and then correctly read the regional and global game and consequently take all necessary economic, social, political and legal measures accordingly. As the cards are reshuffled in this challenging region and developments, particularly migration, wars and famine pose new problems to the world, history also confers big responsibilities on Turkey in the 21st century.TURKEY NEEDS ECONOMICAL REFORMS BY 2023There are currently many problems in the world. People die every day as a result of ongoing wars, especially in the Islamic world. Millions of people who are affected by these developments are forced to migrate, and humanitarian tragedies are worsening every day. Turkey is currently one of the most mindful countries when it comes to these humanitarian tragedies. Indeed, Turkey is a leading country in the field of humanitarian and social aid. As Turkey is leading to a more livable world based on its historical and cultural background, it is also expected to lead a more systematic approach in this regard, as well. In particular, Turkey's leadership is needed in order to more systematically implement and materialize our civilization's accumulation in areas such as production, redistribution and altruism in the nearby region and around the world. In this context, Turkey and the people living in the region's most important priorities are to increase efficiency in the fields of Islamic finance and economy, implement necessary measures by minimizing the negative impacts of regional and global developments and have a structural transformation that includes constitutional amendments to pave the way for the preparation of the human resources for a more effective and qualified workforce in the future to provide more added value.After the nation realized what tricks were pulled behind it, it took the situation in hand, and nation-state cohesiveness was assured, which eventually will make it possible for Turkey to become one of the top 10 economies in the world by 2023, with no need to wait for 2030 or 2050. In order to achieve this goal, Turkey first needs to implement its potential, particularly in terms of its human resources, in the most effective and efficient way, and generate a structural transformation to eventually create synergy out of its energy. The realization of this goal very much depends on the skills and ingenuity to include all segments of the society into this process, and swift implementation of necessary changes, mainly to the Constitution, without any delay. Turkey has enough experience in this respect. With its historical background and overall legacy in the region, the country has the potential to reach this goal in unity hand in hand with its astute and perspicacious management, which it has integrated with its people from all segments of society.*Rector of Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University