Pope Francis prayed for his predecessor's passage to heaven on Sunday as he hailed the "beloved" Benedict XVI while presiding over a special New Year's Day Mass addressing thousands of Catholics in New Year's Day services at the Vatican, the day after his predecessor died aged 95.

"Today we entrust the beloved pope emeritus Benedict XVI to the most holy mother (the Virgin Mary), to accompany him in his passage from this world to God," Francis said at a mass for peace at Saint Peter's Basilica.

Later, delivering his Sunday Angelus prayer in front of thousands gathered in Saint Peter's Square, the Pope bowed his head in a moment of silence in memory of the late pontiff. "Let us all join together, with one heart and one soul, in thanking God for the gift of this faithful servant of the Gospel and of the Church," he said.

Benedict, a conservative intellectual who in 2013 became the first pontiff in six centuries to resign, died on Saturday at his home in a monastery inside the grounds of the Vatican. His body will be moved to Saint Peter's Basilica on Monday morning, where the public will be able to pay their respects for three days before a funeral is overseen by Francis on Thursday. The ceremony will be "solemn but simple," the Vatican said, after which he will be buried at the papal tombs under Saint Peter's Basilica.

The last papal funeral, of John Paul II in 2005, drew a million faithful and heads of state from around the world, although Benedict was a more divisive figure. A brilliant theologian, he alienated many Catholics with his staunch defence of traditional values, and as pope struggled to impose his authority on the church as it battled a string of crises, including clerical sex abuse cases.

Most of those gathered at the Vatican on Sunday were on long-planned holidays, but many nevertheless welcomed the opportunity to pay tribute to Benedict.

Paola Filippa, a 58-year-old Italian teacher visiting Rome for Christmas, praised "a simple, humble and great man. Great in faith, life, simplicity and love."

Two men in white

Tributes had poured in on Saturday from around the world, from Catholic U.S. President Joe Biden, who praised Benedict's "devotion to the Church," to Russian President Vladimir Putin, who hailed him as a "defender of traditional Christian values."

His death brought to an end an unprecedented situation in which two "men in white" – Benedict and Francis – had co-existed within the walls of the tiny city-state.

Benedict's health had been declining for a long time, and he had almost entirely withdrawn from public view.

Francis, 86, has raised the prospect that he might follow Benedict's example and step down if he were unable to fulfill duties. In July, suffering from knee problems forced him to rely on a wheelchair, he admitted that he needed to slow down or think about stepping aside. Earlier in December, the Argentine revealed he had signed a resignation letter when he took office should poor health prevent him from carrying out his duties.

God's Rottweiler

Born on April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, in Bavaria, Benedict was 78 when he became the first German pope of the modern era – an election he later said felt "like the guillotine."

Unlike his successor, a Jesuit who delights in being among his flock, Benedict was more at home with his books, a cat-lover who delighted in study and playing the piano. He was dubbed "God's Rottweiler" in a previous post as chief doctrinal enforcer, and fiercely defended traditional Catholic teaching on abortion, euthanasia and gay marriage.

But as pope he struggled to contain numerous scandals in the church. Benedict was the first pope to meet with victims of clerical child sex abuse, but critics said he did not go far enough in addressing the problem and decades of cover-ups.

There were other controversies, from comments that angered the Muslim world to a money-laundering scandal at the Vatican bank and a personal humiliation when, in 2012, his butler leaked secret papers to the media.

After he quit, Benedict remained a flag-bearer for the conservative wing of the church. With his death, those who battled Francis' more liberal outlook "lost a living symbol," noted Italian Vatican observer Marco Politi.