With their numbers dwindling by 50% over the past 30 years, elephants are facing extinction in Ivory Coast, where they are a national emblem, the country's water and foresty ministry said Wednesday.

Blaming the decline on deforestation and poaching, a top official at the ministry, Kouame Me, said the elephant population in the West African country has dwindled to fewer than 500.

"The population of pachyderms was 100,000 individuals in the 1960s," Kouame told Agece France-Presse (AFP), adding that more than 200 animal species face extinction in the former French colony.

Cultivation of cocoa – the country's top export – has brought about deforestation that has seen a nearly 90% reduction in the country's forest cover over the past 50 years.

Today, Ivory Coast is the world's top cocoa exporter, enjoying some 40% of the market.

Deforestation has endangered the last refuges of forest elephants, environmental experts say.

Elephants are also threatened by poachers and rapid urbanization that is encroaching on the beasts' natural habitats.

The government launched a conservation drive in 2016 in the Mont Peko game park in the west of the country, home to the world's last dwarf elephants.

The illicit trade in ivory is the third most lucrative after drugs and arms trafficking, fuelled by demand in Asia and the Middle East, where elephant tusks are used in traditional medicine and in ornaments.

Ivory can fetch up to 7,000 euros ($8,400) a kilo.