Many Asian and African countries to this day are missing innumerable historical artifacts that were taken from their lands in colonial times that are now on display in western museums or adorn private collections. Germany is trying to rectify this by returning hundreds of historical items known as the Benin Bronzes that originate from West Africa, authorities said Friday.
The items in question were looted by a British colonial expedition and subsequently sold to collections around the world, including German museums.
Foreign Minister Heiko Maas welcomed a deal reached with museums and authorities in Nigeria to work on a restitution plan for a substantial number of artifacts, calling it a "turning point in dealing with our colonial history."
Germany's minister for culture, Monika Gruetters, said the Benin Bronzes were a key test for the way the country deals with its colonial past. "We are confronting our historic and moral responsibility," she said.
Gruetters said the goal is to contribute to "understanding and reconciliation" with the descendants of those whose cultural treasures were stolen in colonial times. The first returns are planned for next year, she said.
A historian welcomed the plans, but said they do not go far enough. "Sadly, there is neither a precise time plan nor an unconditional commitment to restitute all looted artifacts," said Juergen Zimmerer, professor of global history at the University of Hamburg.
He also noted it is not yet clear how many objects will be returned, or whether there will be any recognition of the efforts by civil society groups that had called for the restitution.
A British colonial expedition looted vast numbers of treasures from the royal palace of the Kingdom of Benin in 1897, including numerous bas-reliefs and sculptures.
While hundreds of artifacts ended up in the British Museum, hundreds were also sold to other collections such as the Ethnological Museum in Berlin, which has one of the world's largest collections of historical objects from the Kingdom of Benin, estimated to include about 530 items, including 440 bronzes.
The British Museum does not currently have plans to return parts of its collection. "The devastation and plunder wreaked upon Benin City during the British military expedition in 1897 is fully acknowledged," the British Museum said in a statement, adding that the circumstances around the acquisition of Benin objects is explained in gallery panels and on its website.
"We believe the strength of the British Museum collection resides in its breadth and depth, allowing millions of visitors an understanding of the cultures of the world and how they interconnect over time – whether through trade, migration, conquest or peaceful exchange," it said.
But Zimmerer, who has done extensive historical research on the Benin Bronzes, said the decision by Germany would likely affect the wider debate about how institutions in former colonial countries should handle such artifacts.
"The pressure will grow because the British position of simply not addressing the issue of restitution is no longer sustainable," he said.
