Indonesia launched Tuesday an investment plant aimed at drawing in $20 billion in financing pledged by Western nations, part of a renewable energy transition agreement reached last year and sought to help the archipelago reduce emissions and transition away from coal dependency.
The roadmap, which comes less than two weeks before the COP28 summit in Dubai, outlines Jakarta's vision to reach net-zero power sector emissions by 2050 using cash from the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP).
Under the Comprehensive Investment and Policy Plan (CIPP), the Southeast Asian nation will seek to slash its carbon dioxide emissions to 250 million metric tons for its on-grid power sector by 2030.
That is down from a previous cap of 290 million.
"The CIPP provides a strategic roadmap for the ambitious energy transition in Indonesia by considering challenges including technical, financial and social justice," acting minister of maritime and investments, Erick Thohir said during the launch in Jakarta.
"We need to move quickly because 2030 is less than seven years away," he said.
Indonesia plans to increase the portion of renewable energy in its power generation to 44% by 2030, compared to its initial target of 34% up from around 12% in 2022.
Jakarta has said it would need at least $97.3 billion worth of investments, nearly five times more than the funding promised by the JETP investors, to achieve its target.
The public and private financing for the JETP, released last year, follows a model first trialed in South Africa and then announced for Vietnam and Senegal, with rich countries pledging funds for the developing world's energy transition.
But Jakarta is reportedly unhappy about the deal's proposed mix of financing, worried it will be offered mostly market-rate loans that saddle it with heavy debt.
The United States, Japan, Canada, and six European nations signed the deal with Indonesia – one of the world's top coal exporters and coal power generators – to shift it away from its coal reliance.
Indonesia has pledged to stop building new coal-fired power plants but, despite an outcry from activists, it is continuing to build those that were already planned.
It is also trying to position itself as a key player in the electric vehicle market as the world's largest nickel producer, but some industrial parks that host energy-guzzling nickel smelters are powered by coal. Nickel is a crucial component in batteries used for EVs.
The JETP deal has failed to include the captive coal power stations in its calculations, prompting concerns from experts and environmentalists.
