Maher Al Mounes Majida, a graphic designer aged 42, has relied on a central Damascus cafe for a year, using its reliable electricity and Wi-Fi amid frequent power cuts in the country. Without access to these cafes, he would have been unable to work due to prolonged blackouts at home.
Enterprising owners have upgraded their businesses with generators and batteries to guarantee power and draw in Damascenes plagued by Syria's war-battered and crumbling infrastructure.
"I need a continuous power supply to work, and I get my inspiration from the people here," added Majida, drawing designs on a tablet on the cafe's sofa.
Nearly 13 years of civil war have hammered Syria's infrastructure, including power stations and energy pipelines, leading to power outages that can drag on for up to 20 hours a day.
In the Syrian capital, the shortages have sparked a boom in cafes turned into informal co-working spaces for electricity-hungry workers and students.
At Flow Space Coffee, a colorful cafe with a quiet, studious ambiance, customers including Majida type on laptops or sip coffee while shuffling through papers.
The owner, Ihsan Azmeh, 38, whose friendly white dog Lilly is also a regular, said he wanted the cafe to be a place for young workers and students when he opened it three years ago.
"Damascus cafes solve at least three problems for people these days: electricity, internet and heating," he said.
Azmeh has rearranged the furniture to accommodate a growing number of workers seeking makeshift offices, with benches resembling school desks and a large rectangular table for meetings.
He bought a generator and has installed a battery system that kicks in when state power drops out, ensuring a constant electricity supply. Azmeh also doubled the number of outlets for charging mobile phones and other devices.
"I often find myself sleeping at the cafe instead of heading home" to avoid long power cuts, he added.
Across the city in the eastern neighborhood of Bab Tuma, known for its cafes and bars, Saint-Michel Coffee has also become a haven for freelancers and students.
Visiting the cafe "is not an option for me, but a necessity" said George Kassari, 18, a computer science student at Damascus University.
"As soon as I arrive, I take out all my devices to charge them," he said, adding that he and his sister often recharge each other's electronics at the cafe.
Muhammad Sabahi, a student who works as a website developer for a company in the Gulf, was preparing for an online meeting at a table nearby.
"I work from the cafe every day," said the 22-year-old, adding: "I now have a fixed seat here, employees know my favorite drink by heart and they begin making it as soon as I arrive."
If not for the coffee shop, "I would have failed my university exams and lost my job," he said.
"This is the only solution for me and many of my friends," he added, a large bag filled with chargers, cables and other necessities sitting beside him.
Medical student Shadi Elias, 18, said he chased sunlight around his home by day and read his textbooks by torchlight at night, heading to the nearest coffee shop whenever the batteries ran out.
"Cafes are crowded during the exam periods, so I make sure to come early," he said, sitting near a chalkboard with drawings of lightbulbs reading "battery-powered."
"This place turns into a big classroom, we borrow pens, papers, books and sometimes even phone chargers from each other," he said with a smile.
