In Niger's capital, hundreds took to the streets on Saturday, calling for the withdrawal of U.S. troops.
This comes after the ruling junta's recent decision to end a military agreement with the United States and welcome Russian military instructors, marking a significant shift in strategy.
Marching through central Niamey, the demonstrators waved Nigerien flags, reminiscent of the anti-French protests that led to France's forces withdrawing from Niger last year after a military coup.
One handwritten sign in English read "USA rush out of Niger," showing support for the junta's decision to revoke the accord that allowed around 1,000 U.S. military personnel to operate in Niger from two bases.
"We're here to say no to the American base; we don't want Americans on our soil," said protester Maria Saley on the sidelines of the march.
Until the coup, Niger had remained a key security partner of France and the U.S., which used it as a base as part of international efforts to curb a decade-old insurgency in West Africa's Sahel region.
But the new authorities in Niger have joined juntas in neighboring Mali and Burkina Faso in ending military deals with one-time Western allies, quitting the regional political and economic bloc ECOWAS, and fostering closer ties with Russia.
The arrival on Wednesday of Russian military instructors and equipment was further evidence of the junta's openness to closer cooperation with Moscow, which is seeking to boost its influence in Africa.
A few Russian flags were visible at the protest, but some citizens told Reuters on Friday they did not want the welcomed Russian defense assistance to lead to a permanent presence in Niger.
"We must not subsequently see the implementation of Russian foreign military bases," said Abdoulaye Seydou, the coordinator of the M62 coalition of civil society groups that led anti-French protests last year.
His concerns were echoed by student Souleymane Ousmane: "This is how the French and the Americans and all the other countries settled in Niger – from military cooperation, they ended up occupying large parts of our country."
It is unclear, however, if or when the U.S. troops will leave.
In March, the top U.S. general appeared to suggest there was at least some support from within Niger's junta for a continued U.S. military presence despite its announced revocation of the accord.
One of the U.S. programs in Niger is a drone base known as Air Base 201, which cost more than $100 million.
Violence in the central Sahel hit a high in 2023, with conflict fatalities in the region rising by 38% compared with the previous year, according to U.S.-based crisis-monitoring group ACLED, citing reports of over 8,000 people killed in Burkina Faso alone last year.
