U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday declassified documents he said reveal Chinese interference in U.S. elections, reviving his long-standing claims about election security despite a U.S. intelligence assessment that found no evidence Beijing influenced the 2020 presidential election that he lost.
The 25-minute prime-time address highlighted Trump's push to make election security a key political issue ahead of November's midterm elections, when Republicans will seek to protect their narrow majorities in Congress.
During the speech, Trump again urged congressional Republicans to pass legislation requiring stricter voter identification and proof of citizenship for federal elections.
The proposal remains stalled in the Senate amid strong Democratic opposition, while election officials and previous investigations have consistently found voter fraud in U.S. elections is rare.
Trump said the declassified material would reveal "shocking vulnerabilities in our election infrastructure." But many documents appeared to show the opposite or were not related to U.S. election infrastructure at all.
The speech came at a challenging political moment for Trump and Republicans, with his approval rating weighed down by the unpopular Iran war and high energy prices. Trump briefly mentioned the war at the outset, saying the U.S. was "winning big," while listing a series of domestic accomplishments, including tax cuts and his immigration crackdown, before turning to election security.
The president said he was declassifying sensitive information that showed China had illicitly acquired 220 million U.S. voter files, including names, addresses and other data.
He asserted that members of the U.S. intelligence community deliberately suppressed information about the extent of China's activities.
An unclassified 2021 U.S. intelligence assessment found no indication that any foreign actor attempted or succeeded in altering "any technical aspect" of the 2020 presidential election, including voter registrations, ballots, tabulations or results.
That assessment was conducted under John Ratcliffe, then Trump's director of national intelligence and now CIA director.
The report also found China had pursued an effort dating to at least 2008 to collect information on U.S. voters, public opinion, political parties, candidates and top government officials, likely aiming to use the material to predict election results.
Two people familiar with the matter said the U.S. voter data obtained by China was not confidential. Voter files are routinely purchased by political consultants and could not be manipulated.
Ahead of Trump's speech, some White House officials expressed concern that disclosing the China information could be misleading, sources told Reuters.
Trump's harsh language about China risked disrupting a relationship that has steadied following last year's costly trade war. Trump hopes to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in September to discuss improving trade relations.
China's Foreign Ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the speech. Before the address, Liu Chang, a spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, said: "China has never and will never interfere in the presidential elections of the U.S."
Trump has spent years raising doubts about electoral outcomes, falsely asserting that his 2020 loss to Democrat Joe Biden was rigged. He has also advanced other false claims, including that mail-in voting is rife with fraud, voting machines are untrustworthy and noncitizen voting is widespread.
Numerous courts and vote recounts found no evidence of widespread fraud in the 2020 election.
Nevertheless, Trump's claims have gained traction among his supporters. A Reuters/Ipsos poll in April found 63% of Republicans believe Trump's claim that the 2020 election was stolen, a share that has remained largely unchanged in recent years despite the absence of evidence.
Trump said Thursday that his administration had uncovered evidence of more than 275,000 noncitizens registered to vote in just four states, but it was not clear how many had actually voted.
In some previous cases, systems intended to verify citizenship status mistakenly flagged some naturalized U.S. citizens as noncitizens. Studies have found noncitizens casting ballots is exceedingly uncommon.
Trump also said the newly declassified documents would reveal serious weaknesses in election security. But many either appeared inconsistent with that assertion or were unrelated to U.S. election infrastructure:
One CIA document, prepared last month, concerned Venezuela's election, not the United States'.
"We assess that vote tabulation systems would be difficult to manipulate on a wide enough scale to compromise election results," another document said.
A third CIA document detailed efforts by Chinese spies to target Biden's campaign and noted that Beijing "does not currently intend to covertly interfere to try to sway the outcome of the election," although it said China might later decide to do so.
"Trump's shocking 'bombshells' about China are totally bogus," Democratic Sen. Mark Warner, vice chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said in a statement during the speech. "The fact is our intelligence agencies unanimously agreed that China did not even try to change a single vote in the 2020 election."
While Trump portrayed U.S. elections as highly vulnerable, he did not provide evidence that any votes in 2020 were altered or manipulated.
Two of the three major U.S. television networks and CNN decided not to broadcast the speech on their primary platforms, eschewing a practice typically reserved for major addresses on issues of national importance.
Trump again urged Republican lawmakers to advance the SAVE America Act, which would require photo identification to vote and proof of U.S. citizenship to register, while significantly curtailing mail-in voting. Democrats and voting rights advocates say the legislation is intended to suppress legitimate votes.
The bill has passed the Republican-controlled House several times with a simple majority, but it does not have the 60 votes needed to overcome a Democratic filibuster in the Republican-controlled Senate.
Some Republican leaders have urged Trump to focus on issues that matter most to Americans, including the high cost of living, rather than revisit the 2020 election.
Democrats need to flip only three Republican-held seats to win a majority in the 435-seat House. They face an uphill battle to win control of the 100-seat Senate, with critical races unfolding in Republican-leaning states.
