The European Union and the U.K. announced on Monday new coordinated sanctions on Russia over cyber attacks in Europe, accusing Moscow's FSB intelligence agency of involvement in digital strikes.
The move comes as Western officials warn Russia has stepped up its "hybrid" campaign to destabilize Europe over four years into the war with Ukraine.
Brussels said it was imposing sanctions on nine people and four entities, while London said it was adding 24 names to its blacklist.
The British government said the sanctions – the first joint cyber package with the EU – "target the Russian state's persistent and increasingly reckless attempts to sow chaos and division across Europe."
Among those subjected to asset freezes and visa bans were officers of Russia's GRU military intelligence agency, and alleged "cybercriminals" working together with the Russian state.
In addition, the EU and Britain also said a recent attempted cyberattack targeting critical infrastructure in Poland, including the power grid, was the latest in a raft of such moves by the FSB's Centre 16 spying hub.
"This reckless attack failed but could have caused 500,000 citizens to lose electricity in the depths of winter," the British Foreign Office said.
"It is another example of the Russian state's irresponsible attempts to sow chaos across Europe."
The EU and several of its member states said they were summoning Russian diplomatic representatives to complain about the cyberattacks.
France's Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot said the attacks targeted government ministries, companies, and service operators, with the aim "either of capturing information or sabotaging operations, for example, rail infrastructure, as was the case in Poland."
The French Foreign Ministry added that among the sanctioned targets was "a group that claimed destabilizing actions against the Paris 2024 Olympics."
The EU said that "among others, France, Germany, Poland, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Austria, Slovakia, Romania and Finland have been targeted" in a campaign stretching back years.
The FSB's Centre 16 has previously been accused by Western intelligence agencies of using malware for decades to try to gain access to spy on countries around the globe.
Britain and the EU – which London left in 2020 – have been at the forefront of trying to punish Moscow with sanctions since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
