Winter has descended on the Gaza Strip, leaving nearly 2 million Palestinians displaced by Israel's 14-month genocidal war, struggling to endure harsh winds, cold, and rain.
There is a shortage of blankets and warm clothing, little wood for fires and the tents and patched-together tarps families are living in have grown increasingly threadbare after months of heavy use, according to aid workers and residents.
Shadia Aiyada, who was displaced from the southern city of Rafah to the coastal area of Muwasi, has only one blanket and a hot water bottle to keep her eight children from shivering inside their fragile tent.
"We get scared every time we learn from the weather forecast that rainy and windy days are coming up because our tents are lifted with the wind. We fear that strong windy weather would knock out our tents one day while we’re inside," she said.
With nighttime temperatures that can drop as low as 4 degrees Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit), Aiyada fears that her kids will get sick without warm clothing.
When they fled their home, her children only had their summer clothes, she said. They have been forced to borrow some from relatives and friends to keep warm.
The United Nations warns of people living in precarious makeshift shelters that might not survive the winter. At least 945,000 people need winterization supplies, which have become prohibitively expensive in Gaza, the U.N. said in an update Tuesday. The U.N. also fears infectious disease, which spiked last winter, will climb again amid rising malnutrition.
The U.N. Agency for Palestinian Refugees, known as UNRWA, has been planning all year for winter in Gaza but the aid it was able to get into the territory is "not even close to being enough for people," said Louise Wateridge, an agency spokeswoman.
UNRWA distributed 6,000 tents over the past four weeks in northern Gaza but was unable to get them to other parts of the Strip, including areas where there has been fighting.
About 22,000 tents have been stuck in Jordan and 600,000 blankets and 33 truckloads of mattresses have been sitting in Egypt since the summer because the agency doesn’t have Israeli approval or a safe route to bring them into Gaza and because it had to prioritize desperately needed food aid, Wateridge said.
Many of the mattresses and blankets have since been looted or destroyed by the weather and rodents, she said.
The International Rescue Committee is struggling to bring in children’s winter clothing because there "are a lot of approvals to get from relevant authorities," said Dionne Wong, the organization’s deputy director of programs for the occupied Palestinian territories.
"The ability for Palestinians to prepare for winter is essentially very limited," Wong said.
The Israeli government agency responsible for coordinating aid shipments into Gaza said in a statement that Israel has worked for months with international organizations to prepare Gaza for the winter, including facilitating the shipment of heaters, warm clothing, tents and blankets into the territory.
More than 45,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israel's genocidal war on Gaza, according to the Gaza Health Ministry.
The war was sparked by the Hamas incursion of Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, which caused 1,200 deaths people and took 250 hostages in Gaza.
Negotiators say Israel and Hamas are inching toward a cease-fire deal, which would include a surge in aid into the territory.
For now, the winter clothing for sale in Gaza's markets is far too expensive for most people to afford, residents and aid workers said.
Reda Abu Zarada, 50, who was displaced from northern Gaza with her family, said the adults sleep with the children in their arms to keep them warm inside their tent.
"Rats walk on us at night because we don’t have doors and tents are torn. The blankets don’t keep us warm. We feel frost coming out from the ground. We wake up freezing in the morning," she said. "I’m scared of waking up one day to find one of the children frozen to death."
On Thursday night, she fought through knee pain exacerbated by cold weather to fry zucchini over a fire made of paper and cardboard scraps outside their tent. She hoped the small meal would warm the children before bed.
Omar Shabet, who is displaced from Gaza City and staying with his three children, feared that lighting a fire outside his tent would make his family a target for Israeli warplanes.
"We go inside our tents after sunset and don’t go out because it is very cold and it gets colder by midnight," he said. "My 7-year-old daughter almost cries at night because of how cold she is."
