Suspected rebels staged the Philippines' biggest jailbreak Wednesday when they stormed a dilapidated jail in the violence-plagued south of the country, freeing 158 inmates and killing a guard, authorities said.

The attack added to a long history of daring jailbreaks in the southern Philippines, home to a decades-old separatist insurgency as well as extremist gangs that have recently declared allegiance to the Daesh terrorist group.

More than 100 armed men believed to have been led by a local Muslim guerrilla commander attacked the jail in Kidapawan city about 1:00am in what appeared to be a well-planned raid to free fellow rebels, jail authorities said. "There are high-value targets in our custody who were the subject of a rescue operation," jail warden Peter John Bonggat told AFP.

The assailants were heavily armed and overwhelmed the 24 guards at the jail, according to Bonggat, who was involved in the effort to repel the gunmen and said one of his officers had been killed.

At least 158 prisoners escaped, Bonggat told AFP, although it was unclear how many of those were linked to the attackers or were just other inmates who took advantage of the chaos.

Bonggat said the jail, which housed 1,511 inmates, was a run-down former school building located in a forested, secluded area.

Kidapawan, 950 kilometres (590 miles) south of Manila, is home to various rebel groups, criminal gangs and communist insurgents.

"We have many Muslim personalities (in the jail) that are members of various organized, syndicated groups," Bonggat said.

He said the attackers were believed to be militants who had broken away from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), the nation's largest Muslim rebel organization which is in peace talks with the government.

Six of the escapees were killed and eight captured as security forces hunted them in nearby farmlands throughout Wednesday, according to Bonggat.

Acting provincial governor Shirlyn Macasarte said authorities had been tipped off that one of the breakaway groups, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters, had been planning the jailbreak.

"We had reports that a group of BIFF members wanted to rescue brothers who were involved in killings and had experience of making bombs," Macasarte told ABS-CBN television.

Militants have staged a series of raids on poorly funded and secured jails in the south over the past 15 years that have led to mass escapes, but authorities said Wednesday's was the largest. "It is the biggest ever jailbreak in our history," Bureau of Jail Management and Penology spokesman Xavier Solda told AFP. "We were really underpowered and undermanned." Militants have attacked the Kidapawan jail repeatedly.

In 2007, gunmen freed 49 inmates there. Among those who escaped was Khair Mundos, one of the main leaders of the Abu Sayyaf, which is blamed for the Philippines' worst terrorist attacks. He was recaptured in 2014.

The southern region of Mindanao is the ancestral homeland of the Muslim minority in the largely Catholic Philippines.

The MILF, which has about 10,000 armed followers, is the largest of the rebel groups that have been fighting since the 1970s for independence or autonomy. More than 120,000 people have been killed in the rebellion.

The MILF has in recent years been observing a ceasefire as part of peace efforts with the government.

MILF spokesman Von al-Haq told AFP the group did not know who the attackers in Wednesday's raid were.

The BIFF is one of several breakaway groups that are determined to continue fighting and have declared allegiance to Daesh.

The BIFF split from the MILF in 2008 after the previous peace process collapsed, then carried out attacks on Christian communities that left more than 400 people dead and 600,000 displaced.

The Maute group, regarded as one of the most dangerous extremist organizations, freed 23 inmates in a jailbreak last year near Kidapawan.