Volkswagen has reached an agreement with banks on the terms of a planned 20 billion-euro ($21.2 billion) bridge loan to help it shoulder the costs of its emissions scandal, three people familiar with the matter said. Europe's largest automaker is under pressure to shore up its finances as it faces multi-billion-euro costs of regulatory fines, lawsuits and refits of about 11 million diesel vehicles. Thirteen banks are offering credit portions of either 1.5 billion euros or 2.5 billion euros each, or a total of 29 billion euros, two of the people told Reuters, declining to be named because the matter is confidential. One of the people said credit portions would be assigned to banks on Friday. Another person said that would happen in the coming days. Meanwhile, sales of Volkswagen cars plunged 25 percent in November. Sales dropped to 23,882 units in November compared with 31,725 units for all Volkswagen brand vehicles in November last year.
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Research Associate at Center for Islam and Global Affairs (CIGA) at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University
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