The European Central Bank (ECB) is expected to keep interest rates steady for its third straight meeting when policymakers meet later this week, with inflation largely under control and the long-struggling eurozone economy looking healthier.
Following a yearlong series of cuts, the ECB has kept its key deposit rate on hold at 2% since July.
Inflation has settled around the central bank's 2% target in recent months, as Europe has weathered U.S. President Donald Trump's tariff onslaught better than initially feared.
ECB officials still face many headwinds: France's political crisis has pushed up borrowing costs in the eurozone's second-biggest economy, and the risk of a flare-up in trade tensions lingers.
But for now, the central bank is "in a good place," ECB President Christine Lagarde said in a September speech in Helsinki, bolstering expectations of no change to borrowing costs at Thursday's meeting.
"With policy rates now at 2%, we are well placed to respond if the risks to inflation shift, or if new shocks emerge that threaten our target," Lagarde said.
In contrast to the ECB, the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) is expected to make its second straight rate cut when it meets on Wednesday as concerns grow over the labor market amid layoffs and signs that businesses are reluctant to hire.
The eurozone economy has long been treading water, dragged down in particular by a poor performance in Germany, with growth rates lagging far behind those of China and the U.S.
But the picture for the 20 countries that use the euro looks a little brighter than in the first half of the year.
The ECB raised eurozone growth forecasts for this year and next at their last meeting.
Rate-setters will gather in Florence, Italy, for this week's meeting, one of their regular tours away from the institution's Frankfurt headquarters.
Investors will be closely watching Lagarde's post-rate call press conference for clues about the path forward.
Thursday's decision seems a done deal, economist Michel Martinez of French bank Societe Generale told Agence France-Presse (AFP), calling the meeting "a moment to take stock rather than to take action."
But debate is already brewing about whether to push on with cuts later.
Pointing to a strong euro that makes imports cheaper as well as slowing eurozone wage growth, Lithuania's Gediminas Simkus, a member of the ECB's governing council, made a case for a cut at the next meeting in December.
"From a risk-management perspective, it's better to cut than not," he said in a September interview with Bloomberg, warning of the risk that inflation rates could fall too far.
Carsten Brzeski of Dutch bank ING said there were "some valid dovish arguments that could still force the central bank to cut once again at the December meeting."
The risks range from a possible adverse impact of U.S. tariffs down the line to delays to Germany's planned defense spending splurge and a deepening of France's political crisis, Brzeski said.
"If any of these downside risks materialize, we can expect the ECB to engage in one or two more rate cuts," he said.
Andrew Kenningham, an economist at Capital Economics, told AFP he expected the ECB to cut rates further in 2026 as inflation and wage growth cool.
"There are now very few reasons to fear a resurgence of inflation – the economy remains so weak, the labor market is loosening," he said.
