Trade and energy were at the top of the agenda in talks between U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday, on a visit aimed at shoring up ties battered by Washington's tariffs and engagement with New Delhi's rivals Pakistan and China.
Rubio – who said before the trip the U.S. wanted to sell India energy – pressed his case and told Modi that "U.S. energy products have the potential to diversify India’s energy supply," according to a U.S. summary of the meeting.
Rubio "emphasized that the United States will not let Iran hold the global energy market hostage," his office added.
The energy crisis sparked by the Iran war has set back U.S. efforts to wean India off Russian oil.
U.S. presidents, including Trump in his first term, have long tried to pull historically non-aligned India closer as a counterweight to Russian and rising Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific. Those efforts appeared to take a blow last year when Trump slapped some of the highest U.S. tariffs on India.
Many of those were rolled back in an interim agreement, but the two countries are yet to finalize a comprehensive agreement on trade.
The U.S. has meanwhile grown closer to India's rival and neighbor Pakistan, with Islamabad emerging as a key interlocutor in efforts to end the Iran war, a new irritant to the U.S.-India relationship.
While Modi did not specifically mention Iran in Saturday's meeting, he reiterated India’s support for peace efforts and called for peaceful resolution of conflict through dialogue and diplomacy, the Indian government said in a statement.
Rubio also extended an invite on behalf of U.S. President Donald Trump for Modi to visit the White House in the near future, U.S. Ambassador to India Sergio Gor said.
For India, Trump's visit this month to Beijing amplified concerns about U.S. ties, said Basant Sanghera, a former State Department South Asia policy expert now with The Asia Group consultancy.
Sanghera said Trump's approach had "created a perfect storm of anxiety" in India about the U.S. relationship, "but ties have stabilized and both sides are trying to build momentum in the areas that there is convergence."
The Biden administration lavished attention on India as a vital strategic partner and feted Modi during a 2023 state visit. Trump also welcomed the prime minister to the White House early in his second term before imposing steep tariffs that threw ties off course.
U.S. Ambassador Gor, dubbed "the India whisperer" by Michael Kugelman of the Atlantic Council think tank, arrived in New Delhi in January and has sought to reset ties. Gor is a friend of Trump's and previously a White House adviser.
In February, the two countries reached a "framework for an interim agreement" on trade to lower Trump's tariffs on Indian goods to 18% from a punishing 50%, half of which had been linked to India's prior purchases of Russian oil.
But talks to finalize the deal slowed after the U.S. Supreme Court in late February struck down Trump's tariffs.
That effectively brought the duty rate on Indian goods down to 10%, but New Delhi has been weighing its options as the Trump administration pursues investigations under unfair trade practices legislation widely expected to restore much of the prior levies.
New Delhi has pressed for a Trump visit to India, tied to a summit of the Quad group of countries, which groups the U.S., India, Japan and Australia. But analysts say that fell by the wayside amid trade tensions and distractions, including the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran.
"I do not expect Secretary Rubio will have much impact in changing the downward trajectory," Richard Rossow of the Center for Strategic and International Studies think tank, said.
"The lack of a trade agreement – more than three months after the announcement of the 'interim deal' – clouds other areas of engagement."
Rubio will attend a Quad meeting in India next week – the third such gathering without a leader-level engagement and effectively an "unannounced downgrade" of the grouping, Rossow said.
On Saturday, Rubio "shared his appreciation for India hosting the upcoming Quad Foreign Ministers’ Meeting," his office said in a statement, which did not refer to India's entreaties for Trump to take part.
