Even baboons need a friend, and they have many for when they need help. It turns out that forming close social bonds as adults helps them triumph over childhood adversity and live longer, according to a new study.
The paper, published in Science Advances on Wednesday, drew on 36 years of data from nearly 200 Old World monkeys in the Amboseli National Park in southern Kenya.
"It's like the saying from the King James Apocrypha, a faithful friend is the medicine of life,'" senior author Susan Alberts, a biology and evolutionary anthropology professor at Duke University, said.
The study showed that baboons that faced challenging formative years could reclaim two years of life expectancy by forming close friendships.
Research in humans has found that people who experience early trauma, such as having an alcoholic parent or growing up in an abusive home, are more likely to face an early grave.
But because these experiences are subjective and people's memories of the past are imperfect, wild primates, which share more than 90% of our DNA, are considered helpful study subjects for better understanding humans.
For their research, Alberts and her co-authors focused on female baboons and tracked exposures to sources of childhood hardships, such as being born to a low-ranking mother, losing their mother young, being a drought year baby or having to compete with many siblings for parental attention.
They found that the effect of such hardships was cumulative, with each additional exposure translating to 1.4 years of life lost.
And the impact wasn't just because such events led to more excellent social isolation as adults, as previously hypothesized. Instead, the survival dip was independently attributable to the effects of early adversity.
But that didn't mean that baboons born under an unlucky star were destined to live short, miserable lives.
"Females who have bad early lives are not doomed," said first author Elizabeth Lange, an assistant professor at SUNY Oswego.
The team found that baboons who formed strong friendships, as measured by how often they groomed their closest associates, restored 2.2 years to their lives, regardless of early hardships.
"If you did have early life adversity, whatever you do, try to make friends," said Alberts.
