Research has found that robots could help detect mental well-being issues in children as children are sometimes more willing to confide in child-sized humanoid robots than in humans or computers in other settings, providing data that experts hope could help youngsters reluctant to share how they really feel.
Cambridge University researchers had a child-sized humanoid robot complete a series of questionnaires with 28 children between the ages of 8 and 13 to assess their mental well-being. They found that the youngsters were willing to confide in the robot, sometimes offering information that they had not yet shared via online or in-person questionnaires.
The researchers say robots could be a useful addition to traditional methods of mental health assessment, although they are not intended to be a substitute for professional mental health support.
Ph.D. student Nida Itrat Abbasi, the study's first author, said: "Since the robot we use is child-sized and completely non-threatening, children might see the robot as a confidante – they feel like they won't get into trouble if they share secrets with it.
"Other researchers have found that children are more likely to divulge private information – like that they're being bullied, for example – to a robot than they would be to an adult."
Each child took part in a one-on-one, 45-minute session with a Nao robot – a humanoid robot about 60 centimeters (23.6 inches) tall. A parent or guardian and members of the research team observed from an adjacent room.
Before each session, children and their parents or guardian completed standard online questionnaires to assess the child's mental well-being.
Participants interacted with the robot throughout the session by speaking with it or by touching sensors on the robot's hands and feet.
Additional sensors tracked participants' heartbeat, head and eye movements during the session. Study participants all said they enjoyed talking with the robot.
Some shared information with the robot that they had not shared either in person or in the online questionnaire. Professor Hatice Gunes, who leads the Affective Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory in Cambridge's Department of Computer Science and Technology, has been studying how socially assistive robots can be used as mental well-being coaches for adults.
In recent years, she has also been studying how they may be beneficial to children. "After I became a mother, I was much more interested in how children express themselves as they grow, and how that might overlap with my work in robotics," she said.
"Children are quite tactile, and they're drawn to technology. "If they're using a screen-based tool, they're withdrawn from the physical world.
"But robots are perfect because they're in the physical world – they're more interactive, so the children are more engaged."
Co-author Dr. Micol Spitale said: "We don't have any intention of replacing psychologists or other mental health professionals with robots, since their expertise far surpasses anything a robot can do.
"However, our work suggests that robots could be a useful tool in helping children to open up and share things they might not be comfortable sharing at first."
The researchers hope to expand their survey in the future by including more participants and following them over time. They are also investigating whether similar results could be achieved if children interact with the robot via video chat.
The results are being presented at the 31st Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) in Naples, Italy on Thursday.
