Construction of a new London skyscraper has revealed significant remnants of the city's nearly 2,000-year-old origins.
Archaeologists exploring the site of a planned 32-story office tower announced Thursday that they have unearthed the remains of a Roman basilica that once stood at the heart of the city known as Londinium.
Excavations in the basement of a building slated to be demolished for the tower at 85 Gracechurch St. uncovered flint, brick and ragstone walls and foundations, up to 1 meter (over 3 feet) wide, 4 meters (13 feet) deep and two millennia old.
Sophie Jackson of the Museum of London Archaeology called it "one of the most significant discoveries” in years in London’s oldest quarter, the City - the square-mile financial district where modern glass high-rises stand atop the remnants of Victorian, medieval and even earlier structures.
What’s been uncovered are the foundations of a two-story building, almost as big as an Olympic swimming pool. It was constructed between 78 and 84 A.D., about three decades after Roman troops invaded Britain and some 20 years after forces of the Celtic warrior queen Boudicca sacked the fledgling settlement.
The basilica was part of the forum, the social, political and commercial heart of Roman London, where people went to shop, mingle, seek justice and hear the latest edicts from political leaders. The newly discovered remains are believed to form part of the tribunal, a raised area of the forum where politicians and officials made decisions about the city’s governance.
"It’s the beating heart of the city,” said Andrew Henderson-Schwartz, head of public impact at the Museum of London Archaeology. "It kind of towers above the city. And so it’s a real symbol of Roman power and authority.
"We’re talking about the early stages of London here, but it’s a real sign of investment in the city, even in its early infancy,” he said.
Developer Hertshten Properties, which owns the site and has planning permission for a new office tower, has agreed to incorporate the remains into its plans and put them on display in a visitor center.
Henderson-Schwartz said the extent of the "absolutely massive” foundations discovered in several test pits suggests an "extraordinary” level of preservation.
Further digging could answer intriguing questions, including why the original forum was only used for 20 years before being replaced by a much larger one, which remained in use until the collapse of Roman rule in Britain three centuries later. Items such as writing tablets, styluses - even ancient trash - could give glimpses into the daily lives of Roman Londoners.
Property developers in Britain routinely have to consult archaeologists as part of their planning process, a practice that has uncovered finds from Saxon jewelry to medieval ice skates to the skeletons of 14th-century plague victims.
The latest discovery adds to the scant traces of Roman London that can be seen around the city, including a section of ancient wall, a portion of amphitheater beneath the Guildhall and a temple to the god Mithras which lies incongruously under the modern headquarters of information company Bloomberg.
"We do have these little windows into Roman London that are all over the city,” Henderson-Schwartz said. "But this is really in some ways the site that connects them all together. This is the heart of Rome in London, where all the decisions were made.”
