Britain's first teacherless AI classroom may be an "outlier," but it underlines the potential benefits and risks of a U.K. government drive to roll out artificial intelligence (AI) in education, experts say.
David Game College, a private school in central London, is nearly six months into a trial in which students are taught by AI platforms core curriculum subjects for the GCSE state exams sat by 16-year-olds.
"Teaching and education will be transformed by AI. There is no doubt about that, and AI will not go away," said co-principal John Dalton, urging people to become "agile and adopt it."
The AI systems "monitor" how the students respond to course material and provide the school with "feedback information about their learning habits," he explained.
Prime Minister Keir Starmer this month laid out a vision to harness the power of artificial intelligence and pledged to make Britain an "AI superpower."
The government says the technology could help educators with lesson planning and correction and has developed its own AI lesson assistant called "Aila," which is aligned with the U.K.'s national curriculum.
Instead of teachers, the class at David Game College has real-life "learning coaches" who are qualified as teachers but do not necessarily know the content of subjects and instead guide students through using the AI systems. They also mentor them in soft skills like debating and financial literacy.
The pilot, which currently has seven students and plans to have one coach for them, is a "leap of faith," Dalton admitted.
Dalton, a biology teacher, told Agence France-Presse (AFP) the AI platforms could assess a student's knowledge "with a greater degree of accuracy than your average teacher" to enable more personalized teaching.
"I believe that AI will augment and change the role of teachers," he said.
However, Rose Luckin, a professor at University College London (UCL) who researches AI in education, said AI was an "outlier" with an uncertain future in British classrooms.
While she agreed the technology would transform the role of teachers, Luckin told AFP it was "impossible" to say what that role might become.
"I don't want to be overly negative about it because unless we try these things, we won't see how they work," Luckin said.
Student Massa Aldalate, 15, has been won over to AI learning.
"I was unsure at the beginning. Then, after actually being with it for a long time now, you can see the evidence right in front of you," she said, sitting on a swiveling chair surrounded by computers.
Does she miss a traditional classroom? "Not really," she replied, adding that people attach "sentimental value" to the idea of a classroom.
"But this is just much more efficient if you actually want your studies to be done."
One of her favorite subjects is English, although she had been concerned about how an AI platform would tackle the creative discipline.
"(For) English, I thought you just have to have a teacher with you. Apparently not, because it worked," she explained.
"You just have the work in front of you. You answer the questions and it makes sense."
The National Education Union – one of the two main U.K. teacher unions – last week said it was "pleased to see the focus on training for teachers in the use of digital tools" by the government.
But Daniel Kebede, general secretary of the NEU, warned the government's ambitions must be "matched by significant investment in technology and IT infrastructure for schools."
Luckin questioned "exactly how effective this AI tutor is," adding that she hoped the pilot would provide "solid evidence" on whether AI has a positive or negative impact.
She also voiced concerns about whether there is "sufficient social learning" for students, although the college says pupils have plenty of time with classmates.
Dalton said the program is good at pinpointing gaps in a pupil's knowledge.
But with an eye-watering annual cost of 27,000 pounds ($32,900) – over 10,000 pounds higher than average U.K. private school fees – the model is an "elite" one, said Luckin.
She also highlighted concerns about unequal access to technology and data infrastructure.
The college's "high ratio of coach support to individual" is also "not something that can be replicated very much," said Luckin.
"So we need to learn from these examples, but I don't see it as being representative of the future for everyone."
