Weapons imports to the Middle East and Asia have boomed over the past five years, fueled by war and tensions in those regions, a new study showed yesterday.
In the period between 2013 and 2017, arms exports to the conflict-ridden Middle East more than doubled, jumping by 103 percent compared with the previous five-year period, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) calculated. And the Middle East accounted for 32 percent of all arms exports worldwide.
SIPRI, an independent institute, monitors arms deliveries by volume over periods of five years to iron out short-term fluctuations.
Saudi Arabia, which is waging a war against Shiite Houthi rebels backed by its regional rival Iran, is the world's second largest importer of arms after India, SIPRI said. The United States accounts for 61 percent of arms exports to Saudi Arabia and Britain for 23 percent.
On Friday, Britain signed a preliminary multi-billion-pound order from Saudi Arabia for 48 Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jets, military-equipment maker BAE Systems announced.
The deal sparked heated debate and protests in the UK where an NGO, Save the Children, placed a life-size statue of a child near parliament "to draw attention to the violence that is being fueled, in part, by British-made bombs."
"Widespread violent conflicts in the Middle East and concerns about human rights have led to political debate in Western Europe and North America about restricting arms sales," said senior SIPRI researcher Pieter Wezeman.
"Yet the U.S. and European states remain the main arms exporters to the region and supplied over 98 percent of weapons imported by Saudi Arabia."
Nevertheless, Asia and Oceania was the biggest region for arms imports, accounting for 42 percent of the global total from 2013 to 2017, the institute calculated. And India was the world's largest weapons importer, with Russia its main supplier, accounting for 62 percent of its imports.
At the same time, arms deliveries to India from the U.S., the world's top weapons exporter, increased more than six-fold in the five-year period, SIPRI calculated.
"The tensions between India, on the one side, and Pakistan and China, on the other, are fuelling India's growing demand for major weapons, which it remains unable to produce itself," another SIPRI researcher Siemon Wezeman said. "China, by contrast, is becoming increasingly capable of producing its own weapons and continues to strengthen its relations with Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar through arms supplies," he added.
Beijing, whose weapons exports rose by 38 percent in the five-year period, is the main arms supplier for Myanmar, accounting for 68 percent of imports. It also accounted for 71 percent of weapons imports to Bangladesh and for 70 percent of imports to India's nuclear-armed rival, Pakistan.
