Fresh satellite images analyzed Wednesday reveal what appear to be large-scale burials in Sudan’s el-Fasher following the city’s capture by the Rapid Support Forces, deepening fears of mass killings in the war-torn Darfur region.
The images of el-Fasher come as the two-year war grinds on in Sudan despite growing international outrage, with local media and the United Nations reporting a drone strike targeting a funeral in another city called el-Obeid, killing at least 40 people.
The Yale School of Public Health’s Humanitarian Research Lab analyzed images of el-Fasher shot by Vantor, an imaging firm based in Colorado formerly known as Maxar Technologies. Those images appear to show mass graves being dug and later covered at two sites in the city, one at a mosque just north of the Saudi hospital where some 460 people reportedly had been killed and another by a former children’s hospital that the RSF had been using as a prison, the researchers said.
"It is not possible based on the dimensions of a potential mass grave to indicate the number of bodies that may be interred; this is because those conducting body disposal often layer bodies on top of each other,” their report said.
The Associated Press separately obtained access to the Vantor imagery and saw the details that corresponded to the Yale lab’s report at the sites. The AP also accessed satellite photos shot by Planet Labs PBC on Tuesday, which showed different-colored soil at both the sites, which typically indicates the ground being dug up and then reburied.
Earlier satellite images analyzed by the Yale lab and the AP showed white objects on the grounds of the Saudi hospital and near the children’s hospital immediately after the RSF’s seizure of el-Fasher. The Yale lab identified those as likely being corpses, with blood stains also seen from space.
The RSF has denied killing anyone at the Saudi hospital, but testimonies from those fleeing el-Fasher, online videos and satellite images offer an apocalyptic vision of their attack.
The RSF also has published repeated videos from el-Fasher in recent days as they faced growing international horror and condemnation over the attack, including some at the hospital. Details of the footage corresponded to known features at the hospital. However, the footage never showed areas previously seen in footage shared on social media allegedly showing RSF fighters moving among bodies on the floor and shooting a man sitting up.
The AP also analyzed Planet Labs photos from Oct. 29 along a northern berm running outside of el-Fasher. In those images, white objects similar to those identified by the Yale lab as corpses appeared along it, with one area apparently full of burned-out vehicles.
The area corresponds to footage shot showing dozens of corpses and RSF fighters moving through the area, firing and talking to those wounded in the attack. Some of those killed appeared to be armed combatants. One fighter standing alongside RSF forces pictured in videos of the scene has been seen in another video purportedly shooting unarmed prisoners. The RSF said it arrested him on Oct. 30.
The Yale lab said in its report Wednesday that it appeared some of the corpses from that attack had been taken away.
The scope of the overall violence in el-Fasher remains unclear because communications are poor in the region.
Those killed included Dr. Adam Ibrahim Ismail, who worked in el-Fasher and was shot dead by the RSF in what the Sudan Doctors’ Network described as a "heinous crime” targeting doctors and aid workers. The group said Ismail was detained during the RSF’s incursion into the city and killed in a field.
U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres has called for "mechanisms of accountability” over the el-Fasher seizure "because the crimes that are being committed are so horrendous.” As bodies now likely are being buried, that makes any full accounting of the city’s seizure that much more difficult, particularly as investigators would need to dig them up in an area now held by warring party that allegedly committed the atrocities.
The war between the RSF and the Sudanese military began in April 2023. More than 40,000 people have been killed, according to U.N. figures, but aid groups say the true death toll could be many times higher.
The drone attack Monday in el-Obeid, the capital of Sudan's North Kordofan province, killed at least 40 people and wounded dozens more, both local media and the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported.
While the U.N. did not assign blame for the attack, local media blamed the RSF, which has not claimed the assault but has been using drones heavily in its offensive. Kordofan and neighboring Darfur regions emerged as the epicenter of Sudan’s war over the past months.
The fighting has driven more than 14 million people from their homes and fueled disease outbreaks. Two regions of Sudan are enduring a famine that’s at risk of spreading.
Ross Smith, World Food Program’s director of emergency response, told reporters this week that the agency is noticing "very poor food consumption” with people going for days without eating in some parts of the country.
"We’re seeing very high levels of severe malnutrition and we have many reports of mortality,” he said. "This is related to conflict for sure.”
