Governments worldwide are scrambling to evacuate thousands of their citizens from the escalating Israel-Iran conflict, deploying buses, planes and even helping people flee on foot across borders.
Foreigners have rushed to leave both countries after Israel launched an unprecedented bombing campaign last Friday targeting Iran's nuclear and military facilities, sparking retaliation from Tehran.
But with Israel's airspace closed and the two countries exchanging heavy missile fire, many people are being evacuated from third countries.
European countries have already repatriated hundreds of their citizens from Israel.
The Czech Republic and Slovakia said Tuesday they had taken 181 people home on government planes.
"It was not possible to send the army plane straight to Israel," the Czech Defense Ministry said in a statement, citing the airspace closure.
"The evacuees were taken to an airport in a neighbouring country by buses. They crossed the border on foot."
The German government said flights were scheduled for Wednesday and Thursday via Jordan, while Poland said the first of its citizens were due to return on Wednesday.
Greece said it had repatriated 105 of its citizens plus several foreign nationals via Egypt, while a private plane with 148 people landed in the Bulgarian capital Sophia on Tuesday.
The U.S. ambassador to Israel on Wednesday announced plans for evacuating Americans by air and sea.
The embassy is "working on evacuation flights & cruise ship departures" for "American citizens wanting to leave Israel," Ambassador Mike Huckabee posted on X.
Australia, meanwhile, has started evacuating around 1,500 citizens from Iran and more than 1,200 from Israel – but missile barrages have made it too risky for civilian aircraft to land in either country, its foreign minister said.
"There's no capacity for people to get civilian aircraft in, it is too risky and the airspace is closed," Foreign Minister Penny Wong told national broadcaster ABC.
"We have taken the opportunity to get a small group of Australians out of Israel through a land border crossing.
"We are seeking to try and do more of that over the next 24 hours."
Pakistan has shut its border crossings with neighbouring Iran, except for Pakistanis wanting to return home.
Around 1,000 Pakistanis have fled so far, including at least 200 students.
The foreign ministry said the families of diplomats and some non-essential staff from Iran had been evacuated.
Around 110 Indian students have been evacuated from Iran on a special flight from Armenia, India's Foreign Ministry said Thursday.
New Zealand said Thursday it had closed its embassy in Iran, evacuating two staff members and their families to Azerbaijan by land.
"If and when opportunities arise to assist the departure of other New Zealanders in Iran and Israel, we will pursue them with urgency," Foreign Minister Winston Peters said in a statement.
Japan has ordered military planes to be on standby for around 1,000 Japanese nationals believed to live in Israel and around 280 in Iran, according to government ministers.
The Japanese embassies in Iran and Israel are preparing to use buses to evacuate citizens to neighbouring countries, a government spokesman said, as the war entered its seventh day.
