Millions of Americans have gone back to work as the vaccines against COVID-19 have helped quell the outbreak; however, employers are seemingly hiring fewer black and Hispanic workers, entrenching persistent inequalities in the United States.
The divides are fueled by long-running employment discrimination, experts say, worsened by unique, virus-related disruptions that have left many job seekers unable to find work they can get to or feel safe doing.
"We haven't actually addressed those underlying power disparities in the economy," said Kate Bahn, director of labor market policy with the Washington Center for Equitable Growth.
After skyrocketing to 14.7% in April 2020, when business restrictions to stop the virus from spreading were at their tightest, the U.S. unemployment rate dropped to 5.9% in June, according to the Labor Department.
But the gains were not shared equally: the jobless rate for black workers was 9.2% and for Hispanics 7.4%, compared with 5.2% for whites.
The racial and ethnic employment gaps in the world's largest economy were present even when unemployment was at record lows before the pandemic.
In Washington, the issue is receiving renewed attention from President Joe Biden, who has put forth massive spending plans he says will help reshape the economy and make it more inclusive.
And the Federal Reserve has pledged to keep interest rates low for longer to increase hiring of racial minorities – something that took nearly a decade following the 2008 global financial crisis.
"We all do better when the pie is bigger, and you get the pie bigger by being aggressive about this," William Spriggs, chief economist of the AFL-CIO trade union federation, told Agence France-Presse (AFP).
The Labor Department is due to release the latest employment report on Friday. Some economists expect it will show the economy gaining over 1 million jobs in July and lowering the unemployment rate to 5.6% as more businesses reopen.
The June data showed unemployment for white women was 5%, despite losing jobs last year at about the same rate as black workers, who have seen much slower rehiring. The trend is similar for Hispanics.
"There is a fixed disparity between blacks and whites in terms of being rehired," Spriggs said.
A higher share of black women are looking for jobs than white women, but large and small companies nationwide nonetheless complain they cannot find people to fill open positions, especially skilled workers.
"These employers are all yelling, 'we can't find workers, we can't find workers.' Black women are more available, and yet they're not hiring them," Spriggs said.
"It's discrimination. Until we get serious about discrimination in hiring and discrimination in the labor force, we just can't advance."
Scholars blame the disparity on factors that push black and Hispanic workers into jobs that pay less and often put them most at risk of contracting COVID-19.
Walter L. Simmons, president and CEO of nonprofit Employ Prince George's, which serves a mostly black and Hispanic county outside Washington, said the ongoing pandemic disruptions are keeping some people from taking jobs, or even looking for work.
Bus and ride-sharing services have not yet returned to normal, meaning many jobseekers often cannot get to work. Childcare also has been curtailed, so working parents have to figure out what to do with their children.
Many people in Prince George's county live with extended family and may be reluctant to take a job where they risk infection, Simmons said – a fear that has grown more acute as the highly infectious delta variant spreads.
"Those are three areas we're seeing that nobody really has an answer for. They're just saying come back to work," Simmons said in an interview.
For now, jobless workers are able to survive off of expanded unemployment benefits authorized by the federal government, which pay some low-wage workers more than their previous jobs.
About two dozen states ended these benefits, and in September, they expire nationwide.
Simmons fears what could happen after.
"Those who were struggling prior to the pandemic, they're really going to struggle," he said.
