From winemakers to chemical producers, European companies say the Supreme Court’s decision to strike down much of Donald Trump’s tariffs offers limited relief and instead clouds the trade outlook even further.
In a decision that will ripple through the global economy, the top U.S. court struck down Trump's sweeping tariffs imposed under a law meant for use in national emergencies, handing a stinging defeat to the Republican president. But while many businesses cheered after lengthy legal battles against tariffs, European trade groups, companies and analysts worried that the ruling may make trade relations even more messy after hard-struck trade deals last year.
"This ruling... risks creating a boomerang effect, producing further uncertainty and a freeze on orders while operators wait for a clearer regulatory framework," said Paolo Castelletti, secretary general of Italian wine association UIV.
The U.S. is the top market for Italian wines with some 1.9 billion euros ($2.3 billion) in exports in 2024, making up almost a quarter of Italy's total wine shipments globally. Many firms cautioned that Trump would likely look to other avenues to impose similar tariffs, dulling the benefit of lower levies, while the move could stoke tensions between the U.S. and major trade partners. Tariff refunds will also be hard to get.
Responding to the ruling, Trump announced new global tariffs of 10% for an initial 150-day period and acknowledged it was not clear if or when there would be any refunds.
Steve Ovara, chair of the International Trade Practice Group at law firm King & Spalding, said that companies his firm advises, from large U.S. manufacturers to consumer and technology groups, mostly expected any relief from tariffs to be short-lived.
"The major issue everybody's going to be dealing with for at least the short term is some additional uncertainty," he said.
Wolfgang Grosse Entrup, managing director of German chemicals and pharmaceutical lobby VCI, which represents firms like BASF, Bayer and Evonik, agreed.
"For our firms, this isn't the start of a phase of stability, but a new round of uncertainty. Anyone who believes this means the tariff conflict is over is mistaken," he said. "New tariffs based on a different legal basis are possible at any time."
Peter Sand, chief analyst at freight pricing platform Xeneta, said political risk remained for shippers, with trends to de-risk supply chains an "irreversible trend."
"The damage to many shippers' supply chains is largely done and probably won't be undone," he said.
French cosmetics association FEBEA, which has firms like L'Oreal as members, said it was "very cautious" on the ruling and would watch how the U.S. government responded, including with potential new tariffs.
"We are all used to the twists and turns on this subject of customs duties," said FEBEA secretary general Emmanuel Guichard.
Massimiliano Giansanti, president of Italian farmers' group Confagricoltura, said the U.S. ruling "dismantles the entire legal basis" for Trump's tariffs, but warned it complicated things for exporters just as they were adapting to U.S. tariffs.
"All this generates deep instability at a time when we need certainty and have begun a process together with our U.S. importers," he said.
In Ireland, whiskey exporters are waiting to see what happens next before taking action, said Eoin Ó Catháin, Director of the Irish Whiskey Association, adding political negotiations and de-escalation were more likely to resolve tariff challenges.
"This isn't a silver bullet to get rid of tariffs," he said. "This is just another complication; it's another twist in the story."
