Lower meat consumption, reforestation and severe cuts to fossil fuel use are some of the steps needed to keep global warming within the temperature limits laid out in the 2015 Paris climate agreement, a key report from the U.N. climate science agency warned Monday.
Despite climate change warnings issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change since 1990, global emissions have continued to rise in the last decade, reaching their highest point in history.
The result: Global emissions are on track to blow past the 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warming limit envisioned in the 2015 Paris Agreement and reach some 3.2 degrees Celsius by century's end.
"We left COP26 in Glasgow with a naive optimism, based on new promises and commitments," U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said with the report's release. "But current climate pledges would (still) mean a 14% increase in emissions. And most major emitters are not taking the steps needed to fulfill even these inadequate promises."
At this point, only severe emissions cuts in this decade across all sectors, from agriculture and transport to energy and buildings, can turn things around, the report says. Even then, governments would also need to bolster efforts to plant more trees and develop technologies that could remove some of the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere after more than a century of industrial activity.
"It's now or never," IPCC report co-chair Jim Skea said in a statement with the report – the last in a three-part series by the IPCC, with the next review cycle not expected for at least another five years.
While other recent IPCC reports addressed the latest findings in climate change science as well as ways for the world to adapt to a warmer world, Monday’s tackled ways of curbing emissions – making it one of the more contentious reports of the pack for governments.
Some scientists described the process as "excruciating," and the IPCC was forced to delay the report's public release by six hours on Monday.
Final approval of the report's key summary for policymakers – which requires sign-off from all countries – followed a marathon weekend overtime session as government officials quibbled over the wording.
"Different countries have different interests," IPCC co-author and climate scientist Jan Minx. "Everyone wants to make sure that their concerns are addressed ... but scientists have the last word."
