The United States backed a broad coalition of Ukraine's allies for the first time Tuesday in pledging security guarantees that include binding commitments to support the country if Russia attacks again.
The pledge came at a summit in Paris of the "coalition of the willing" of mainly European nations to firm up guarantees to reassure Kyiv in the event of a cease-fire with Russia, which occupied Crimea in 2014 and launched a full-scale invasion in 2022.
Unlike previous coalition meetings, the summit was also attended by U.S. envoys
Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner – President Donald Trump's son-in-law – as well as America's top general in Europe, Alexus Grynkewich, who a day earlier fleshed out details of security guarantees with European army chiefs.
Witkoff, who has led talks with Russia, said after the summit that Trump "strongly stands behind security protocols."
"Those security protocols are meant to ... deter any attacks, any further attacks in Ukraine, and ... if there are any attacks, they're meant to defend, and they will do both. They are as strong as anyone has ever seen," he said at a joint news conference with the French, German, British and Ukrainian leaders.
Kushner said that if Ukrainians were to make a final deal, "they have to know that after a deal they are secure, they have, obviously, a robust deterrence, and there's real backstops to make sure that this will not happen again."
A statement by coalition leaders also said that allies will participate in a proposed U.S.-led cease-fire monitoring and verification mechanism. Officials have said this would likely involve drones, sensors and satellites, not U.S. troops.
The statement was not explicitly endorsed by the United States and details of a U.S. role were watered down from an earlier draft, notably removing language that outlined the use of U.S. capabilities to support a multinational force in Ukraine.
But European officials hailed the involvement of the U.S. envoys and their strong comments as evidence that Washington stood behind the security framework.
Talks to bring the almost four-year war to an end have accelerated since November. However, Moscow has yet to signal willingness to make concessions after Kyiv pushed for changes to a U.S. proposal that initially backed Russia's main demands.
Moscow has also given no public sign that it would accept a peace deal with the security guarantees envisaged by Ukraine's allies. Russia has previously rejected any NATO members having troops inside Ukraine.
Until recently, much of the allies' focus was on pledges of military aid for Ukraine's forces and possible contributions to an international reassurance force.
But attention has now shifted to legally binding guarantees to come to Kyiv's aid in the event of another attack by Moscow. The possibility of a military response is likely to trigger debate in many European countries, diplomats say.
"These commitments may include the use of military capabilities, intelligence and logistical support, diplomatic initiatives, adoption of additional sanctions," the leaders' statement said, adding that they would now "finalize binding commitments."
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the discussions had been substantive with the U.S. delegation, but suggested more still needed to be done.
European leaders present at the meeting, including French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, stressed that the statement showed renewed unity between Europe and the United States on helping Ukraine.
Macron and Starmer brushed aside questions about whether they could rely on commitments by Trump, particularly given his renewed claims that the U.S. should take over Greenland, an autonomous part of NATO ally Denmark.
The leaders' statement also pledged a European-led "Multinational Force for Ukraine ... to support the rebuilding of Ukraine's armed forces and support deterrence" with "the proposed support of the U.S."
France and Britain signed a declaration of intent on the future deployment of multinational forces once a cease-fire is reached.
Macron said that could involve sending thousands of French troops.
"It paves the way for the legal framework under which British, French and partner forces could operate on Ukrainian soil, securing Ukraine's skies and seas and regenerating Ukraine's armed forces for the future," Starmer said.
