Just hours after ordering Palestinians to evacuate parts of Rafah – crowded with over a million displaced Gazans – Israeli military carried out airstrikes in the southern Gaza city Monday.
Fears are growing of a full-blown assault in Rafah, long threatened by Israel, against holdouts of the Palestinian resistance group Hamas as cease-fire talks in Cairo stall.
Hamas official Izzat al-Rashiq said in a statement that any Israeli operation in Rafah would put the truce talks in jeopardy.
There was no immediate comment from Israel, which Hamas-affiliated Al-Aqsa TV said had targeted areas in eastern Rafah near neighborhoods given evacuation orders.
Instructed by Arabic text messages, phone calls, and flyers to move to what the Israeli military called an "expanded humanitarian zone" around 20 kilometers (12 miles) away, some Palestinian families began trundling away in chilly spring rain.
Some piled children and possessions onto donkey carts, while others left by pick-up or on foot through muddy streets.
"It has been raining heavily and we don't know where to go. I have been worried that this day may come, I have now to see where I can take my family," one refugee, Abu Raed, told Reuters via a chat app.
A senior Hamas official said the evacuation order was a "dangerous escalation" that would have consequences. "The U.S. administration, alongside the occupation, bears responsibility for this terrorism," the official, Sami Abu Zuhri, told Reuters, referring to Israel's alliance with Washington.
Hamas said later in a statement that any offensive in Rafah would not be a "picnic" for Israeli forces and said it was fully prepared to defend Palestinians there.
Aid agencies have warned that the evacuation order will lead to an even worse humanitarian disaster in the crowded coastal enclave of 2.3 million people reeling from seven months of war.
"Forcing over a million displaced Palestinians from Rafah to evacuate without a safe destination is not only unlawful but would lead to catastrophic consequences," British charity ActionAid said.
Israel's military said it had urged residents of Rafah to evacuate in a "limited scope" operation. It gave no specific reasons nor did it say if offensive action might follow.
Nick Maynard, a British surgeon trying to leave Gaza on Monday, said in a voice message from the Gaza side of the Rafah crossing into Egypt: "Two huge bombs have just gone off immediately outside the crossing. There's a lot of gunfire as well about 100 meters from us. We are very unclear whether we will get out."
"Driving through Rafah, the tension was palpable with people evacuating as rapidly as they could."
Witnesses said the areas in and around Rafah where Israel wants to move people are already crowded with little room for more tents. "The biggest genocide, the biggest catastrophe will take place in Rafah. I call on the whole Arab world to interfere for a cease-fire – let them interfere and save us from what we are in," said Aminah Adwan, a displaced Palestinian.
Israel has been threatening to launch incursions in Rafah, which it alleges harbors thousands of Hamas members and potentially dozens of hostages.
Victory is impossible without taking Rafah, it claims.
The prospect of a high-casualty operation worries Western powers and neighboring Egypt, which is trying to mediate a new round of truce talks between Israel and Hamas under which the Palestinian group might free some hostages.
But an unnamed "high-level" source was quoted by Egypt's state-affiliated Al Qahera news TV as saying on Monday that talks had hit an impasse since Hamas launched an attack in the vicinity of the Kerem Shalom crossing into Gaza on Sunday, killing four Israeli soldiers.
Egypt urged Israel to exercise the "highest levels of self-restraint" in Gaza, saying any military operation there would carry grave humanitarian risks. Earlier, security sources said Egypt had raised its military level of preparedness in northern Sinai, which borders Gaza.
The Rafah plan has opened an unusually public rift between Israel and Washington, which has repeatedly warned its ally not to attack the city because of potential civilian casualties.
On Monday a spokesperson for the U.S. National Security Council said the ongoing talks for a hostage deal were the best way to avoid an invasion of Rafah, adding that President Joe Biden would speak with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu later in the day.
An Israeli broadcaster, Army Radio, said the evacuations were focused on a few peripheral districts of Rafah, from which people would be directed to tent cities in nearby Khan Younis and Al Muwassi.
In an overnight aerial attack on Rafah, Israeli planes hit 10 houses, killing 20 people and wounding several, medical officials said.
Israel has killed more than 34,500 Palestinians in its genocidal war, according to Gaza’s local health officials, caused widespread destruction and plunged the territory into an unprecedented humanitarian crisis.
The conflict was triggered by the Oct. 7 Hamas incursion of southern Israel, abducting about 250 people and killing around 1,200.
The United Nations has accused Israel of denying aid to Gazans, with World Food Programme head Cindy McCain saying in a weekend interview that there was already "full-blown famine" in the north of the territory.
